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Construction courses are characterized by a combination of theoretical and practical knowledge;however, the teaching of practical knowledge is often absent due to safety and cost considerations. VR can improve the teaching of practical knowledge by facilitating interactions between teachers and students through virtual means, regardless of location, which is a weakness of current lecture-based teaching, especially in the COVID-19 era. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effect and discuss the prospect of VR in construction teaching, with a comparative study of 50 students who were evenly divided into two groups and taught using traditional teaching and VR teaching, respectively. This experiment shows that VR teaching improves the students' learning enthusiasm and satisfaction, especially in terms of practical knowledge. Additionally, students believe the combination of traditional and VR teachings can be more helpful in construction teaching. The findings of this research strengthened the advantages of VR in delivering practical knowledge in construction teaching.
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The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has severely affected our daily life routines and behavior patterns. According to the World Health Organization, there have been 93 million confirmed cases with more than 1.99 million confirmed death around 235 Countries, areas or territories until 15 January 2021, 11:00 GMT+11. People who are affected with COVID-19 have different symptoms from people to people. When large amounts of patients are affected with COVID-19, it is important to quickly identify the health conditions of patients based on the basic information and symptoms of patients. Then the hospital can arrange reasonable medical resources for different patients. However, existing work has a low recall of 15.7% for survival predictions based on the basic information of patients (i.e., false positive rate (FPR) with 84.3%, FPR: actually survival but predicted as died). There is much room for improvement when using machine learning-based techniques for COVID-19 prediction. In this paper, we propose DeCoP to train a classifier to predict the survival of COVID-19 patients with high recall and F1 score. DeCoP is a deep learning (DL)-based scheme of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) along with Fuzzy-based Information Decomposition (FID) to predict the survival of patients. First of all, we apply FID oversampling to redistribute the training data of the Open COVID-19 Data Working Group. Then, we employ BiLSTM to learn the high-level feature representations from the redistributed dataset. After that, the high-level feature vector will be used to train the prediction model. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme achieves outstanding performances. Precisely, the improvement achieves about 19% and 18% in terms of recall and F1-measure.
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Objective To investigate the nutritional status and associated factors of vitamin D among children aged 0 to 12 years old in Chongqing. Methods From January 2019 to December 2021 1 877 children aged 0-6 years who received regular child health care were randomly selected from Chongqing maternal and child health hospital and 707 school-age children were also selected from three primary school in Chongqing for investigation. The serum sample were collected for detecting serum 25- OH -D level by chemiluminescence method and the possible influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency VDD were analyzed. Results The average serum 25- OH -D concentration of children was 39.9±9.1 ng/mL with the positive rate of VDD was 14.59%. There were significant differences of VDD positive rate in different age visiting time visiting season body shape outdoor activity time and vitamin D supplementation 0-3 years old vs 4-6 years old vs 7-12 years old 14.73% vs 22.19% vs 10.47% visiting season spring vs summer vs autumn vs winter 12.97% vs 10.65% vs 14.86% vs 21.33% pre COVID-19 epidemic vs post COVID-19 epidemic 11.18% vs 17.08% underweight or normal vs overweight or obesity 12.34% vs 26.13% adequate outdoor activity time vs inadequate 11.84% vs 16.27% regular vitamin D supplementation vs irregular vitamin D supplementation 11.71% vs 15.62% χ2 = 26.17 17.59 30.98 53.74 9.60 6.17 P<0.05. Underweight or normal body weight sufficient outdoor activities and regular vitamin D supplementation were associated with less vitamin D deficiency with OR OR95%CI at 0.68 0.55-0.84 0.57 0.25-0.77 and 0.62 0.44-0.85 P<0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of VDD among preschool and school-age children is high in Chongqing. Integrated prevention and control strategies incluing overweight or obesity control increasing outdoor activities and oral vitamin D supplements should be taken. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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The spread of COVID-19 has a great impact on public transport which is closely related to social life. As an essential carrier of the cities, metro has become an important object of concern during the epidemic. Due to the high infection risk of COVID-19 in public space, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate and perform corresponding epidemic control measures on reducing public health risks in metro station. In this paper, three strategies of passenger rescheduling, i.e. controlling the flows of inbound and outbound passengers in the station, setting route guidance in the crucial areas and shortening the interval time of train, are simulated and analyzed based on Anylogic. The performances of different strategies are characterized and evaluated by the important parameters, which include local passengers' density, inbound and outbound time. Finally, the optimization experiments based on an objective function are carried out to obtain the best strategy combination considering passengers' health safety and travel efficiency. The crucial areas with high density are obtained from the simulation results of the initial model. The three independent strategies are helpful in reducing the maximum passengers' density and average travel time. The optimization results of strategy combination and the specific parameters of each strategy are obtained by the final simulation experiment. The research findings are important reference to enhance the present health risk management level and provide specific measures of passenger organization in metro station under COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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Seas and islands cannot be separated when it comes to sustainable development. For island countries (regions), the sustainable use of marine resources is an obvious choice and a top priority. Despite the fact that many people are still affected by COVID-19, increasing attention is being given to developing island resilience as a means to adapt to many challenges, including climate change. The core concerns of island development are therefore balancing the needs of ecological protection and the sustainable use of natural resources. The Island Research Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China etc. organized the 2022 International Island Forum on November 10, 2022 with the theme, ‘Eco Islands, Blue Development.' A hybrid conference was held to bring together representatives of government agencies, academic institutions, and experts from many countries around the world to discuss the key issues of sustainable island development. © 2023
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The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019 caused a huge blow to both global public health and global economy. At the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection were ignored, without appropriate identification and isolation. However, asymptomatic individuals proved to comprise a high proportion of all SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, which greatly contributed to the rapid and wide spread of this disease. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic assessment methods, factors related to the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection, as well as humoral immune features after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in asymptomatic individuals, which would contribute to effective control of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic. © 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest CT images is of great significance for preventing its spread. However, it is difficult to precisely identify COVID-19 due to the following problems: 1) the location and size of lesions can vary greatly in CT images;2) its unique characteristics are often imperceptible in imaging findings. To solve these problems, a Deep Dual Attention Network (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textrm {D}
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COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, when Chinese authorities confirmed several patients with fever, difficulty breathing, and invasive lesions on the lungs. The virus then spread quickly across the globe, and by May 17, there were a total of 18,151,717 cases worldwide. While some countries still have an exponentially increasing rate of new cases, China has stabilized the spread of the virus. In the review of COVID-19 in this paper, we used sources from Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, etc. In addition, when investigating public policy data and the number of infections, we also used the statements and relevant data from the official websites of the governments of Dalian and Beijing. Our investigation is based on the summary and analysis of the above data to reach our conclusion. We investigated the basic characteristics of COVID-19, the corresponding Sinovac vaccine and mRNA vaccine, the first round of outbreaks in Wuhan, Beijing, and Dalian, and the warning role of COVID-19 in the future. We demonstrated that keeping social distance and isolating infected patients in time can effectively block the transmission of the virus. This paper exposes the necessary public health measures during the pandemic, providing experiences and lessons for a potential future pandemic. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
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The gradual increase in China's economic strength has driven the economic development of the foreign trade industry. However, due to the impact of the new coronavirus in 2020, many countries and cities have suffered economic recession, companies have closed down, and flights have been suspended. Therefore, the development of Dongguan's foreign trade enterprises has also been hit to a certain extent, and many problems have appeared. During the post-epidemic period, Dongguan foreign trade companies faced problems such as lack of human resources, difficulties in resuming work and production, obstacles in logistics and transportation, and substantial increase in costs. This article analyzes the difficulties faced by Dongguan's foreign trade enterprises, and puts forward countermeasures to seek the transformation and development of foreign trade enterprises. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
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Background: Males and females are similarly susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Multiple studies report male mortality rate to be nearly double that of females. Hypercoagulability is common in severe COVID-19 patients. D-dimer was reported as a significant marker for disease severity and mortality risk. It is unclear whether D-dimer levels differ between males and females. The effect of D-dimers on disease outcomes remains under investigation. Aim(s): To evaluate the sex difference of D-dimer level in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and to determine the effect of sex on disease outcomes. Method(s): We searched EMBASE for articles published prior to October 1, 2021, evaluating D-dimer in adult males and females, hospitalized for COVID-19 and reporting on mortality, ICU admission, hospital stay and thrombotic complications. 3225 articles were retrieved. Comparative, observational prospective or retrospective, or case control studies were included. Studies including pregnancy, children, or a secondary disease focus were excluded. We meta-analysed data from 10 included studies using Cochrane RevMan 5 software. Result(s): Of 11,827 hospitalized COVID-19+ adults, 6519 (55%) were male and 5308 (45%) were female. Critical illness was experienced by 1681 (26%) males and 1228 (23%) females. Mortality occurred in 877 (13%) males and 548 (10%) females. In unadjusted analysis males had higher odds of experiencing critical illness and mortality. The Odds Ratios were 1.53 [95% CI: 1.36-1.72, I2 = 77%, p =< 0.00001] and 1.40 [95% CI: 1.24-1.57, I2 = 0%, p =< 0.00001], respectively. The mean difference between male and female D-dimer level was 0.18 [95% CI: 0.13-0.23, I2 = 83%, p =< 0.00001]. The reporting of D-dimer assay calibration was inconsistent and D-dimer unit magnitude varied greatly between studies. Conclusion(s): Males have higher mean D-dimer levels and are at higher risk of experiencing poor COVID-19 outcomes than females. The diversity in D-dimer reporting among different studies can impact data interpretation. (Table Presented).
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Objective To evaluate the performance of two commercial EIA kits for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies. Methods Two commercial SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody ELISA test kits (A and B) were used to detect serum panel consists of the following sera: 44 collected before vaccination, 120 collected one month after vaccination and 64 collected six months after recovery from convalescent patients of COVID-19. In the meantime, the above samples were also taken for live virus micro-neutralization test (micro-NT) indicated as the 50% neutralization antibody titer (NT50 ) . The consistency of qualitative and quantitative results between the two commercial kits and live virus neutralization test was analyzed. Results Taking the micro-NT results as the standard, the positive coincidence rates of A and B kits were 97. 40% and 100. 00%, respectively;the negative coincidence rates were 97. 30% and 95. 95%, respectively;the Youden indices were 0. 95 and 0. 96, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients between A and B kits and micro-NT results were 0. 24 (P<0. 05) and 0. 52 (P<0. 000 1) for samples collected after vaccination, respectively;while the correlation coefficients were 0. 81 (P<0. 000 1) and 0. 89 (P<0. 000 1) for convalescent serum samples, respectively. Conclusions The results obtained by the two commercial neutralizing antibody detection kits were in good agreement with the qualitative results of micro-NT. The neutralizing antibody titers in convalescent serum samples detected by the two kits showed a stronger correlation with the micro-NT results. © 2022 Society of Microbiology and Immunology. All rights reserved.
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commonly worldwide but their effectiveness in participants with cirrhosis is unknown. We explored the effectiveness of vaccination with the Janssen Ad.26.COV2.S compared to the mRNA Pfizer BNT162b2 or Moderna 1273-mRNA vaccine in participants with cirrhosis. Method: This was a test-negative case control study among participants with cirrhosis. This study design is widely used in evaluations of vaccine effectiveness and has the advantage of minimizing biases associated with access to vaccination or health care. Cases were those who were SARS CoV2 PCR positive, controls were those who tested negative during the study period between March 15, 2021 and October 3, 2021. Participants who did not undergo SARS CoV2 PCR testing, who had COVID-19 before the study period, or received a liver transplant, were excluded. COVID-19 was classified based on individual chart review using the National Institute of Health (NIH) COVID-19 severity scale as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe or critical illness. Propensity score matching was used to match test positive cases and test negative controls. The propensity score of having COVID-19 were derived from a logistic regression that adjusted for the participant's sex, age, date of testing, race/ethnicity, location, alcohol as the etiology of liver disease, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, current tobacco use, current alcohol use, co-morbidities, and the Child Turcotte Pugh score. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit for COVID-19, to assess the adjusted effect from vaccination with either the Ad.26.COV2.S or the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines. Results: A total of 955 cases and 955 matched controls were included in the study population. The two groups were well matched to all baseline characteristics. The Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine had an effectiveness of 64% against COVID-19 (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.62, p=0.005). Effectiveness was lowest with asymptomatic illness (aOR 0.42, 0.18-0.73, p=0.03), and higher against mild (aOR 0.36, 0.15-0.63, p= 0.006), moderate (aOR 0.33, 0.14-0.49, p=0.002) and severe/critical (aOR 0.24, 0.08-0.83, p=0.04) COVID-19. In the same period, mRNA vaccines had a 73% effectiveness against overall COVID-19 (aOR 0.27, 0.19-0.37, p<0.0001), progressively higher from asymptomatic (aOR 0.38, 0.23-0.59, p=0.0004) to mild (aOR 0.29, 0.18-0.42, p<0.0001), moderate (aOR 0.27, 0.18-0.36, p<0.0001), and severe or critical illness (aOR 0.17, 0.06-0.32, p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the viral vector and mRNA vaccines. Conclusion: In participants with cirrhosis, the Ad.26.COV2.S demonstrated a 64% effectiveness against COVID-19, and a 74% effectiveness against severe or critical COVID-19, similar to that associated with mRNA vaccines. (Figure Presented)
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Background and Aims: Immunity to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be either infection-induced or vaccine-induced. The duration of protective immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and how this compares with that from vaccination is presently unclear. Cirrhosis is associated with vaccine hyporesponsiveness to several vaccines include COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The objective of our study was to compare infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19 among patients with cirrhosis. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study among patients with cirrhosis. Vaccine-induced immunity group was defined as participants with cirrhosis who were fully vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine and received the first dose of the mRNA vaccine between 12/18/2020 and 4/1/2021. Infection-induced immunity was defined as participants who had their first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in the same study period. The outcome was a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR more than 60 days after previous infection or vaccination. Patients were followed until the outcome, death or the end of the study period (11/16/21). COVID-19 cases were classified based on individual chart review using the National Institute of Health (NIH) COVID-19 severity scale as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe or critical illness. The two groups were matched 1:3 using propensity score (PS) matching, with PS scores calculated based on variables associated with COVID-19 severity, including for the date of infection or first dose of vaccnation, and location, to account for variants. Cox proportional hazards models were fit from the immunity generating event to outcome (SARS-CoV-2PCR). Logistic regression models were also fit for the outcome (positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR) after the immunity generating event. Results: There were 443 participants in the infection-induced group, that were PS matched with 1,329 participants in the vaccine-induced group. The two groups were well matched after PS matching. On multivariable Cox hazard model, vaccine-induced immunity was associated with a 75% reduction in COVID-19 compared to infection-induced immunity (adjusted Hazard Ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.43, p<0.0001). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, vaccine-induced immunity was associated with a 80% reduction in asymptomatic (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.47, p-0.0002), 64% reduction in mild (aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.97, p=0.048), and 79% reduction in severe or critical COVID-19 (aOR 0.21,95% CI 0.06-0.74, p=0.02) compared to infection-induced immunity. There were no observed differences between the two groups for moderate COVID-19 (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.06-1.56, p=0.16). Conclusions: In participants with cirrhosis, vaccine-induced immunity is associated with a significantly greater protection against COVID-19 compared to infection-induced immunity.[Figure Presented]
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Background: It is less known how the constraints placed upon public spaces and social interaction have impacted college students’ motivation to be physically active. Objective: This study examined, first, the changes in college students’ body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and self-determined motivation before and during the COVID-19 third-wave lockdown and, second, the role of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-determined motivation on BMI during the lockdown. Method: This study was a longitudinal prospective study with two data collection phases. A sample of 104 college students (69 females, 35 males, Mage = 18.19[1.5]) completing both pre- and posttest data turned in self-report data on BMI, PA (vigorous PA - VPA, moderate PA - MPA), MVPA, and self-determined motivation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in participants’ BMI (t[79] = 4.70[2.98], p =.001, d =.11) but no statistically significant changes in PA. The findings demonstrated changes in college students’ integrated regulation (↓;t[78]= -3.20[.16], p =.002, d =.35), identified regulation (↓;t[76] = -4.07[.16], p <.001, d =.52), extrinsic regulation (↑;t[78] = 2.28[1.80], p =.025, d =.02), and amotivation (↑;t[78] = 4.42[1.21], p <.001, d =.48). Finally, neither PA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI, but the previous MVPA and BMI did. Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 had a negative impact on self-determined motivation decreasing adaptive and increasing maladaptive motivation. However, neither MVPA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI during the COVID-19 lockdown. Instead, pre-COVID BMI (large effect) and MVPA (small effect) determined students’ BMI during the lockdown. Copyright (c) the author(s).
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After the outbreak of COVID-19, it spread rapidly all over the world. A large number of infected patients have led to a sharp increase in medical waste. This puts great pressure on the medical waste treatment system. The disposal capacity of the system may not be able to meet such a large amount of medical waste, which may lead to delayed treatment of infectious medical waste (IMW) and accumulation of non-infectious medical waste (NMW). Therefore, this paper proposes that it is necessary to classify IMW and NMW, and reconstruct the domestic waste disposal plant to treat NMW to alleviate the pressure of the treatment system. This paper also establishes an eco-economics model to optimize the emergency disposal scheme. The effectiveness of the model is verified by a real case in Wuhan. It is found that the location and carbon emission coefficient of the domestic waste disposal plants are the key factors affecting its selection. At the same time, sufficient budget may lead to waste money. In addition, carbon emission and total cost always change in the opposite trend when the budget changes. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.